Duties Owed by Owner

The paper discusses rights and duties owed by an owner of premises to trespassers, licensees and invitees to the premises.
Trespassers
According to Rush and Ottley (165), the Occupiers Liability Act 1984, states that an occupier of premises owes a trespasser a duty of ensuring he is safe from any danger in his premises if he knows or can reasonably be thought to know that a danger towards the trespasser exists, he knows or can reasonably expect that un-lawful visitors may come within his premises and the risk the trespasser is exposed to is one he can be reasonably expected to provide protection against. He is not expected to inspect the premises for any dangers to the trespasser.

Licensees

Generally, the owner of the premises owes a person licensed to be in the premises a duty to inspect the premises and warn him of any dangers existing in the premises that the licensee would not ordinarily recognize and practice personal safety against (Cohene & Abele, 151). The owner is only held liable for injuries to the licensee if he had greater knowledge of the risk than the licensee otherwise they were both equally exposed to the danger while in the premises and the owner is not held liable.
Invitees
Cohene and Abele (152) write that business invitees are owed the highest duty of care by the owner. He is expected to make the premises as safe as possible, therefore he must inspect it for both hidden an obvious risk in areas the invitees are allowed and those that they may be expected to stray to. In dangerous areas such as slippery floors, the owner is expected to put up signs that warn the invitees to exercise extra caution.

The rationale for these standards

A trespasser stays within the premises illegally, thus he is owed the least amount of duty of care. The owner is only expected to ensure that he does not willingly harm the trespasser. A licensee does not bring any benefit to the owner thus the owner is not expected to make the premises perfectly safe for him. Invitees are however explicitly invited to the premises for purposes that are beneficial to the owner. The owner is thus expected to make the premises perfectly safe for them.
Conclusion
The paper has discussed rights and duties owed to trespassers, invitees and licensees to premises and the rationale for these legal standards,

Works Cited
Cohen, Harvey H., Abele Jon R. Slips, Trips, Missteps, and Their Consequences Tucson, AZ:
Lawyers & Judges Publishing Inc. 2007. 151- 152. Web, 18 January 2014,
<http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=aWatvfoR7vQC&pg=PA151&dq=duty+of+care+owed+to+licensees&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2TzaUpXIJMmy0AX82IDQAg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=duty%20of%20care%20owed%20to%20licensees&f=true>
Rush Jon, Michael Ottley (2006) Business Law, London UK: Thompson Learning. 2006. 165.
Web, 18 January 2014,
<http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=s2gFZhuB5boC&pg=PA164&dq=occupier%27s+duty+of+care+to+trespassers&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WDXaUsuPLIPP0QWpyIHoDw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=occupier%27s%20duty%20of%20care%20to%20trespassers&f=true>

Surname: 1

Identity Assignment

My three interviewees for this assignment were James McKenzie, Manuel Rodriguez, and Mary Todd. All the three are students at this college. In the interview, I asked what their identities were, how they get community recognition, what privileges they have, and what forms of intolerance they face. I carried out the interview face to face.

James McKenzie is white and is 22 years old. He is originally from Texas, from a family with a highly acclaimed agricultural background. The reputation that his family has garnered over the years has meant that his name is easily recognizable across the community he lives. While his race gives him a distinct privilege whenever he is competing with African Americans or Latin Americans, his high social class gives him an advantage over many other whites. In the past, few people could tolerate his bisexuality. However, McKenzie is happy that he does not face this prejudice nowadays.

Manuel Rodriguez is Latino and is 21 years old. Originally, from Mexico, Rodriguez says that many people recognize him because of his race (he lives in a predominantly white community). He believes that he does not have any particular privileges over whites. However, he recalls that he being male played a big part in him getting a job previously. Rodriguez says that he has had to contend with intolerance because he is Latin and that his family is not particularly rich.

Mary Todd is African American and is 20 years old. She gets community recognition since she is a talented singer. She hopes to follow in the footsteps of Beyonce Knowles. Considering the community she lives in Todd, is from a rich family. However, her gender and race have meant that she has experienced several instances of intolerance.

Surname 1

 

Leisure Develops Public Good by Creating Community

Leisure time is every persons dream. The current demand for time by other necessary needs makes it difficult for people to draw a line between work and free time. Leisure is time spend by a person to enjoy themselves away from business, work and domestic chores. Leisure can also be viewed as the activities that people engage in during free time. To others, it means a state of mind where one is free to choose what they want to do.

Community based leisure offers different individual, families and communities to come together and decide on how they will spend their free time together. It presents openings to meet the community while enjoying an array of social, cultural or physical activities. This helps people to feel part of the community they live in. New talents are born because every person during this communal time will want to share their gift with others. This type of recreation fosters the community in many ways.

Leisure develops public good by creating community in a number of desirable ways. It provides an avenue for members to become involved and feel part of the community. Creates new opportunities to gain and develop new friendships. This form of leisure allows one to be challenged, take new risks and experience new world never born to them. It bridges the gap between attending and participating in the community. Participants contribute their skills and feel a sense of belonging and accomplishment. Experiences are also share leaving one more refreshed and hopeful.

Communal leisure has thus become a tool to solve problems and create social good. It provides a platform for future development. When people share their problems and challenges with other, then it is easy for a common solution to be found. This will ease the burden off the one particular person who was hardest hit. That is hoe governments are formed, build and sustain. Through sharing and solving problems together. Specific leisure activities that help achieve creating community include volunteering, sports, camping, group travel, leisure parks and recreational parks.

Question #2
Leisure can have a positive impact as well as negative economic repercussions. A balance the community has to strike since it not recommendable to do away with leisure. The positive economic attributes of communal leisure ought to be enhanced and developed while the negatives ones should be managements not spill beyond control.
The Nordic Skiing team has brought both positive economic gains and negatives one at the same time. Starting with the positive ones, this communal group has attracted tourist in this region. These visitors bring to the community new skills and ideas. The visitors bring lots of business to the local community, thus, propelling their economies both as individuals and a community. Amongst those who come in for leisure, there are investors who see investment opportunities during play.

Every individual has good values that have been passed to the as they grow up by their family, teachers and the community. These good values are threatened by communal leisure where people of different age, race, culture, social class, beliefs or attitude come together. It is possible to share and spread traits that are bad for economic development. Such as gambling, drug abuse, sexual exploitations. Leisure develops public good by creating community and should be embraced.

LEISURE DEVELOPS PUBLIC GOOD BY CREATING COMMUNITY 2

Running head: LEISURE DEVELOPS PUBLIC GOOD BY CREATING COMMUNITY 1

Globalization and Poverty

Globalization is a term that comes from the verb ‘globalize’ o‘globe globe simply refers to the world map as it is in entirety while to globalize is to make something or an aspect of life to reach a worldwide scope for whatever intention there is. Apparently human beings have been interacting over time and the cultural and geographical boundaries are becoming more and more obsolete. As such, to date, evidence show that all social, economic, environmental, technological, and political aspects of human life have taken a wider perspective in a bid to achieve more and more interactions among the inhabitants of the world. This phenomenon is referred to as Globalization. With this development, more benefits as well as challenging impacts have come and are largely categorized on one hand as the development of international trade, technology, trade, environmental policies and economic growth; and on the other hand as negative impacts such as the observed economic crises, social and cultural degradation (IMF, 2000). Notably, one of the most basic aims of globalization is to control or eradicate the effects of poverty on the human race. This paper, thus, seeks to explore the various ways in which globalization has affected the fight against poverty in the world.

Introduction

In every day of a human being’s walk on the face of the earth, it is inevitable that they will interact with another or many other people before the end of the day. On a day to day basis, millions of people get into contact, undertake business transactions, and make relationships and partnerships or any other kind of interactions. Towards the beginning of the 19th century these kinds of interactions have gone a notch higher as a result of technological advancements, interaction platforms and the need for more unity in every day endeavor among people. As such the world has seen tremendous advancements in terms of reducing the communication, trade, association and interaction barriers. This, general terms, is known as globalization.

Economic globalization is the form of international integration that, unlike general globalization that seeks to unite people based on the views, culture, politics, environmental issues among others, traverses the heights of human cultural and geographical diversities to bring about the coming together of people in a bid to bring monetary and trade cohesion worldwide (EOCD, 2010). Thus, economic globalization is one of the ideas that come up between nations of the world in a bid to bring about development and even solve pr-existing problems in the world economic arena. With this in mind, it is vital to mention that economic integration is the process of pushing for the increase of the interdependence of economies of various countries. This done through the reduction of international trade and business regulations among these countries such as tax regimes, tariffs on international businesses and investments as well as other impediments that come about as a result of global trade regulations (IMF, 2000). One of the most outstanding objectives of these economic globalization initiatives is to ensure poverty reduction and raise the standards of the developing countries as well as the citizens (IMF, 2000).

However, there exists a diverging opinion as pertains this move as a way of ensuring control and eradication poverty. There is a school of thought which maintains that the economic globalization and formation of a common world market place plays a vital role in the process of eradication of poverty. This perspective is backed by a variety of statistical sources that reveal a critical difference in the economy, trade and investments in the countries and institution that embraces the aspect of strategy as a way of enhancing individual country and world development (O’Rourke & Jeffrey, 2000). Through inclusion of the citizens of a country into the global workforce that comes up as a result of globalization, it is put forward that globalization leads to the employment of people; be it through production, manufacturing and trade in global products, employment in international (multinational) companies or through immigrant and telecommunication work systems. Also, the statistics available by renowned world economic writers have established that since the world war two years, the process of economic globalization has contributed immensely to the reduction of the unemployment in the developing world; millions of people have escaped the poverty menace and continue to do so in the coming future (Zaw, 2013). Other factors such as free trade and economic liberalism, international migrations, international cooperation among other benefits are proposed as the good effects of this aspect of globalization (IMF, 2000).

On the other hand opponents of economic globalization put forward the idea that in as much as it brings people together, globalization is somehow detrimental to the development procedures put in place by individual countries a s a way of maintaining economic stability and eradicating poverty among the citizenry (Al-Rodham & Stoudman, 2006). To support such school of thought, issues such as more suffering to the poor nations, corporate taking advantage of the workforce through outsourcing, exploitation and unfair trading bargains (IMF, 2000) are brought forward as the bad effects of the process of globalization. Nonetheless, proponents come into this argument and claim that these are just the bad elements that with time, can be deleted completely in the process of streamlining the process of economic globalization (Zaw, 2013). It is in light of this that the paper explores the inter-relatedness between the process of economic globalization and poverty and how success is obtained in the bid to fulfill the objective of poverty eradication.

Globalization Process

As has been stipulated over the years, economic globalization is a process that is dynamic and ongoing and has a number of defining factors. These factors include the trade and transactional associations, investment movements, migration and trading and the dissemination of knowledge and technology (IMF, 2000). The process of globalization traces its roots in the early years of human civilization. However, the use of the word ‘globalization’ came to its peak at the onset of the 20th century when the globe sought to embrace the concept of reaching out as a way of tackling common problems such as poverty. As such, the history of globalization can be traced in form of three parts and stages; the period of first globalization between the year 1492; globalization of 1800 to 2000 and the third period of globalization that is from the year 2000 to the present years of globalization (Friedman, 2005). The firs era of globalization involves the coming together of countries; the second involved the globalization of companies while the third one is more inclined towards human integration and interactions (IMF, 2000).

The 19th century as a stage of human historical development stage has seen much of the mixture between the integration of the human and company integration processes. This has come in place as a result of the development of the various technologies such as the internet and social media; increased and improved forms of transport and telecommunication; more freedom of movement and freedom to trade as well as good will by all countries to embrace economic globalization (IMF, 2000). From the times of colonization to the great trends in independence and formation of empires, it has never escaped the minds of people and nations that the best of ways to tackle problems that affect human beings all over the world is to unite forces against such issues.

Many of the developing countries are still under the threats of the effects of poverty. The world populations are growing at exponential rates and the people need to be sustained in terms of development and feeding. On the other hand, the existing natural resources of the world are getting depleted by the day and the constraints are stretching it to the limits. Many people in the developing countries are still not employed, malnutrition and poor living far below the minimum wages (IMF, 2000). Many multinational companies also seek to find a way of getting more markets for their products as well as obtain a workforce from the skilled citizens of other countries. The developed countries in the world also have an obligation to help the other countries to achieve sustainable development while also keeping their citizens well fed and taken care of. These issues for the basic reason why the push for economic globalization worldwide and in the modern world, it is inevitable (IMF, 2000).

To measure the progress of globalization, there are issues that need to be used as quantitative parameters. A countries gross domestic product (GDP) is one of them. As a close monitor and a donor to the countries involved in global integration, the IMF stipulates that over the past 20 years that have seen massive growth in terms of globalization, many developing countries have registered high GDPs as a result of the investments, employment improvements and poverty reductions (IMF, 2000). Also, the various economic integration bodies such as EOCD have formed frameworks for analyzing the rate at which the effect of globalization. Capital movements in globalization, foreign direct investments, milestones in international trade, and economic activities of international companies and internationalization of technologies in the globalization process are some of the frameworks for this process (EOCD, 2010).

In a bid to confirm the negative effects of the process of globalization these organizations also use the throughput analysis of the current financial crises, portfolio investments, environment aspects of globalization and the emergence of challenges associated with the process (EOCD, 2010). In a bid to analyze the specific effects of globalization of individual, countries and companies on the citizens of a country; the GINI coefficient and PPP values of the economy are also analyzed as quantitative tools of the evaluation. The development of infrastructure and growth of various industries can give a good qualitative source of data to enable the understanding of the benefits of globalization in economical aspects. It has been established that the GDP, minimum wage levels and the employment of the unemployed youth of the developing nations have gone higher and higher by the day (IMF, 2000).

Relative poverty and Absolute Poverty

Poverty can be defined as the scarcity, insufficiency or the lack of material wealth in form of money or food resources. Many international organizations such as the United Nations have defined poor individual as those who live below a dollar in a day. Poverty is experienced mostly in the underdeveloped countries due to various reasons such as poor leadership, poor economies and mismanagement of funds among others. Poverty is further divided into two types. One is the relative poverty which is measured in terms of income inequality. It is often measured as the percentage of a particular population that receives less income than expected. It is one of the measures that international organizations have used to measure the level of poverty in the developed nations. On the other hand, absolute poverty is the condition that occurs when individuals are deprived of some basic human needs such as food, water, health facilities, education and information. In most cases, absolute poverty does not only refer to the lack of income among individual but also it refers to the lack of access to important facilities. Absolute poverty has been used a measure of poverty in the world as it is a standard that is set and is consistent from one country to the other. However, the introduction of economic globalization has very beneficial to humankind as it has helped in the eradication of both absolute and relative poverty. Economic globalization has contributed to the eradication of global poverty in several ways. Firstly, the introduction of international trade among countries has influenced the equitable distribution of resources across the world thus reducing poverty. Besides, international trade has provided employment to several jobless individuals across the globe and thus there has been a significant reduction in both relative and absolute poverty. Furthermore, economic globalization has pushed for the establishment of multinational companies in various countries across the globe without trade tariffs. Evidently, this has been of great benefit to humankind as the multinational companies have provided employment to poor individuals. As a result, they have obtained avenues of obtaining money and overcoming poverty. Economic globalization also entails the transportation of goods and services from one country to another without restrictions. This has stimulated global economic growth in turn doing away with both absolute and relative poverty. Economic globalization also entails a global workforce where employment of people is possible in any part of the world given the skills. This has helped in the reduction of absolute and relative poverty. The other significant aspect in economic globalization is international tourism. This is an economic activity that has been embraced by several countries in their urge to eradicate poverty. In deed international tourism has been beneficial as countries earn foreign exchange from it hence overcoming poverty. Bearing all these facts in mind, it can be deduced that economic globalization in its current form, has ultimately benefitted all of humankind by helping do away with poverty. However, there are a few cases or incidences where economic globalization has led to increase in poverty in other countries especially in the underdeveloped countries. For instance, the establishment of multinational companies has been emphasized more in the developed countries. As a result, the underdeveloped countries lag behind in terms of economic growth. This in turn leads to increased poverty levels in the underdeveloped countries. This is one of the ways that indicate how economic globalization has led other people into more prolonged and bitter conflicts.

Who is winning and who’s losing

Economic globalization in its current form has benefitted other people especially the developed nations. At the same time, it has led other people especially those in the underdeveloped nations into more prolonged and bitter conflicts. This has raised eyebrows among people of the international community. Indeed, there are winners and losers when it comes to economic globalization. To start with, the winners in economic globalization are the developed countries. This is because they have the control and monopoly over the underdeveloped nations. That is to say, in most cases, they make decisions on when and where multinational companies should be situated. This results to inequitable distribution of economic resources. In as much as the developed countries try to distribute economic resources equally, the losers are often the underdeveloped nations.

Furthermore, the global workforce is highly influenced by the economic superpowers. Countries such as China and the USA enjoy economic stability. Therefore, they have a say on the economic activities of the entrepreneurial world. The global workforce appears to be impartial as most people from the underdeveloped are denied access to the workforce in the developed countries. The vice versa happens in the case of the developed countries as they have easy access to the workforce of the underdeveloped nations. This is a clear indication of how the underdeveloped nations lose and the developed nations gain from economic globalization.

In addition, the economic globalization exhibits inequality when it comes to international trade. In essence, international trade allows a country to export and import goods and services from another country freely. Nonetheless, it is evident that some countries import more from a particular country than it exports to the same country. This is the major reason behind the imbalance in international trade. In most cases, the less developed nations, due to their lack of technology, innovation and industrialization, they import more in terms of machinery, medicine and labor from the developed nations. In contrast, the developed nations export more to the less developed nations than they import. Evidently, the losers in this case are the less developed nations while the winners are the developed nations. This is a clear indication of how international trade as an aspect of economic globalization has ultimately benefitted some nations in the world while leading other nations into more and prolonged and bitter conflicts.

Globalization’s institutions

The 19th, 20th and 21st centuries saw the development of a debate known as “the Free Trade Debate”. The debate came up with arguments concerning global free trade that can be divided into socio-political, moral and economic arguments. The economic arguments opined that global free trade has the purpose of increasing the global level of output among various countries. This is because various countries specialize thus they have the opportunity of devoting their resources so as to enhance the production of goods and services that gives that particular nation a comparative advantage of the other countries. It is worth noting that when countries specialize in their production, there will be a significant increase in the level of global production. The free trade debate also pushed for the increase in the quantity of goods and services globally as this would result to high utility among global consumers thus helping eradicate global poverty.

The free trade debate also led to the foundation of globalization institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WB) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). These institutions have played a major role in economic globalization. Firstly, the World Trade Organization was created so as to help in the promotion and development of international trade. This would in turn promote economic globalization as international trade would act as a platform of employment and source of foreign exchange for various countries. Unfortunately, the creation of the WTO helped benefit the developed nations while it led to more prolonged and bitter conflicts among the underdeveloped nations. This is because its aim of promoting international trade took a reverse direction. International trade ended up favoring the developed nations over the underdeveloped nations.

The other institution that was founded during the “Free Trade debate” was the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Its main purpose was to foster monetary cooperation among different countries globally, to ensure that global financial stability was achieved and also ensuring that the balance of payment needs of various nations was met. The institution ended up promoting economic globalization though to the favor of the developed nations over the developed nations. The institution also ended up reducing global poverty in the long run though inequitably.

The World Bank was also founded after the “Free Trade Debate”. It was a financial institution that was founded with aim of providing loans and grants to the developing nations. Its main goal was eradicating global poverty. Since its inception, economic globalization has been achieved though in an impartial manner. The World Bank offers loans to all countries. However, the interest rates imposed on the developing nations is higher than those imposed on the developed countries. Therefore, this is a clear indication that economic globalization in its current form, will ultimately benefit some people while at the same time leading others into more prolonged and bitter conflicts.

Capitalism, Imperialism and Corporate –Led Globalization

Economic globalization has been promoted by three factors entailing capitalism, imperialism and corporate. To start with, capitalism is a system of economy whereby, trade, industrialization and other means of global production that lead to global economic growth are under the control of private owners. The main aim of private owners of organizations and institutions is profit making. Capitalists also have the ability of determining prices of goods and services in the global market. This is disadvantageous as it leads benefits few individual but leads other individuals into prolonged suffering and conflicts. Capitalism has not done enough to eradicate global poverty. Instead, the levels of poverty increase when capitalists control the global market Imperialism is a practice that was common in the less developed nations all over the world. Imperialism occurred during the pre-colonial era when the European countries expanded their territories for economic benefit. In this case, the European nations selfishly guarded their economies by gathering resources and wealth from the less developed countries. This was done forcefully using militaries. As a result, instead of imperialism fighting global poverty, it only benefited a few individuals and left others to suffer in great poverty (Scott, 2011).

Corporate led globalization is a situation where multi-national corporations have control and total power in the financial markets. Such corporate are often known to be anti-globalization movements. Instead of focusing on economic globalization, the multi-national corporations maximize on their own profits. As a result, the levels of poverty increase globally. This is a clear indication that economic globalization in its current form ultimately benefits humankind. However, it also leads a good number of individuals into more prolonged and bitter conflicts.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is realized that economic globalization benefits humankind in several ways. Firstly, it entails international trade which takes place all over the world. The main purpose of international trade is to promote economic growth and in turn lead to the eradication of global poverty. However, this has not been the case. International trade has been beneficial to other countries especially the developed countries while leading to problems among the developing countries. Secondly, economic globalization entails multinational companies that aim at eradicating global poverty. Unfortunately, this has not been the case. Multinational companies emphasize mostly on developed nations than the developing nations. As a result, the developing countries are seen to lag behind in terms of economic development. Thirdly, economic globalization entails a global workforce that emphasizes on equitable distribution of resources. However, the global workforce has been impartial as it has despised individuals from the developing countries. As a result, economic globalization has been seen to be of great benefit to the developed nations than the developing nations. The other aspect that has influenced economic globalization is international tourism. However, it has not been beneficial in a significant manner to the developing countries.

References

Al-Rodhan, R.F. Nayef and Gérard Stoudmann. (2006). Definitions of Globalization: A

Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition

EOCD, (2010), Measuring Globalisation: OECD Economic Globalisation Indicators 2010,

online, retrieved from:

tech/measuringglobalisationoecdeconomicglobalisationindicators2010.htm

Hufbauer, G. C., & Twentieth Century Fund. (1989). The free trade debate: Reports of the Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on the Future of American Trade Policy. New York: Priority Press Publications

International Monetary Fund . (2000). “Globalization: Threats or Opportunity.” 12th April 2000:

IMF Publications

O’Rourke, Kevin H. and Jeffrey G. Williamson. (2000). “When Did Globalization Begin?

Scott, B. R. (2011). Capitalism: Its origins and evolution as a system of governance. New York: Springer.

Zaw, H. “Globalization and Unemployment”. The Council On Foreign Affairs, Braham pub New

York

Volunteer service program

Abstract

This report examines the current state of emergency and recommends on various ways that the community can do to address emergency in terms of volunteer services. The report further investigates what is likely to happen if the community does not offer support. The key findings indicate that emergency cases are on the rise as new forms of accidents develop. Apart from normal accidents, the report indicates that terrorism is increasing vulnerability to accidents as it was the case in September, 11 2001 in America. In addition, the report gives various duties and qualities that individuals must possess to qualify as volunteers. It also recommends what we should do to increase the number of volunteers.

Introduction

Ambulance service is one of the best activities in the society that everyone can volunteer. It helps build a safe community that can handle accidents of whatever magnitude and develops a sense of belonging in the community. Should accidents or emergences arise, the community is the first witness to report to the accident’s scene. It concerns the ambulance organization that society is prone to attacks such as al-Qaida attacks and road accidents together with rising cases of fire accidents. The organization feels obliged to set up a volunteer program to assist the community as well as advance its public’s mission of safety. Therefore, the ambulance organization would like the community to participate in a volunteer program that will enhance safety in the society and equip participants with first aid skills for a better future. In addition, it will offer a generous package to volunteers, not in the form of salary, but shall disclose at the end of volunteer program as well as organize for a medical cover during the program. This is a report of the same indicating how the organization will benefit from volunteerism, volunteer’s requirements and its benefit to society.

Qualities of ambulance officers

The main role of an ambulance officer is to offer pre-hospital disaster care. This refers to first aid care offered from the scene of disaster to the hospital. Mostly it requires a high level proficient medical care. Among the duties that these officers must offer include respond to emergencies promptly, nurse wounds and injuries, stabilize the patient’s condition, transport accident victims to hospital, collaborate with other players at the accident’s scene, clean ambulance equipments, handle patient confidentially, plan duties, and offer assistance at all times (Saunders & Rey 2011, p. 240). In order to attend these duties professionally, volunteers must possess high integrity, ability to work as a team, professionalism, and empathy.

Findings

Recently the ambulance organization established that many accident victims are losing their lives in the hands of public in the process of live saving. The organization further established that many of ‘life-savers’ do not posses elementary first aid skills. This is a worrying trend according to the organization’s chief executive officer while the community shows its commitment towards offering help. He directed that the organization enhance volunteerism in the community to develop a safe society. Statistics indicate that road accidents worldwide are on the increase. In addition, terror attacks are on the rise (Carter & Rausch 2008, p.247-248). Every day we hear of terror attacks. Less than a week ago, one of the terror groups attacked Kenyans while attending a church service. Syria, on the other hand, is facing terror threats as Arab uprising continues while Israel warns of terror attacks. Therefore, everybody is prone to attacks as well as accidents of any kind.

Since time immemorial, volunteer services have been a communal thing. Communities volunteered to help at times of emergences and to date they do not withhold this service. This indicates that like our forefathers, communities have potential help in ambulance services. It also indicates that, although we regard pay for every service we offer, we can forego it for the sake our safety. Furthermore, amongst ourselves people are willing to help except they do not know how. Before home-help services became part of the governments’ work and other non-profit organizations, various people labeled themselves as volunteers and were willing to offer help to anyone. This indicates that even today we have such people (Bracey 2003, p. 114). In addition, we need to have a safe community.

Prior to the new system of ambulance, various organizations offered ambulance services. They paid their dues or offered other services at their disposal. In Britain, local authorities were responsible. They offered ambulance services and made donations to various ambulance organizations like St. John Ambulance. St. John ambulance, on the other hand, passed the service to the people (Carter & Rausch, 2008, p. 247). Nowadays, various players are in ambulance services. However, the greatest question is how much does your organization give back to the society in terms of social corporate responsibility? In response to this question, if your organization does not offer any help to the community how much do you devote yourself to society in terms of offering ambulance services? Researches indicate that many people participate in volunteer service without expecting any pay. The average time is four hours a week. However, according to statistics many people volunteer in churches, schools, charity groups and civic groups, and very few people participate in ambulance services.

From what we have, ambulance service is more demanding. The number of emergency cases is high. As we speak vehicle accidents are overwhelming as indicated on the graphs above, terror attacks are unpredictable, but we have few ambulances. Severity of accident requires more. An ambulance driver may take patients to local hospitals only to find they should be admitted to general hospitals miles away (Iyer 2006, p. 411). This consumes time. Furthermore, sometimes we lack enough ambulance services and the question remains what shall we do the victims? To deal with this question, we require more people to volunteer.

Recommendations

From the above findings, we risk failing to participate and train in ambulance service. Community is the most readily available ambulance service in the locality because it offers first aid services to victims before professionals arrive. This report recommends that the community be willing to participate in ambulance service. It is an indispensable tradition. One may not achieve a lot as expected, but the knowledge acquired during the exercise is a lifetime treasure. It can apply at home or in other places of work. This report also recommends that we participate in ambulance services to reduce emergency burden on few people. This will reduce pressure on few committed people, hence, diversify resources. Furthermore, each person needs to dedicate some of his/her time towards ambulance service in order to learn first aid skills. They are necessary whenever one least expects them. In short community should;

Show willingness to participate in ambulance services.

Ambulance services offer volunteer vacancies to the public.

Participate willingly in ambulance services to reduce burden on few people.

Allocate personal time to participate in ambulance services.

Conclusion

This report found that many people are losing lives in the hands of unqualified people because although people are willing to help, they lack professional training. It also found that every human being is prone to accident irrespective of where one lives. Therefore, this report suggests that everybody volunteer to ambulance service for a lifetime free course. In addition, the report found that volunteer service is a tradition norm in the society; hence, it is indispensable and even now we can volunteer. Many people volunteer in one way or the other in various institutions because it is an inheritance from ancestors. Therefore, no one can claim immunity from volunteer services.

Furthermore, this report established that participating in ambulance service is among the honorable things that people can do. It reduces losing deaths by far and offers a lifetime safety investment. Once a person participates in this service, life changes; he/she acquires safety pre-cautions not attainable anywhere else. To ambulance organizations, volunteers acquire treasure because it is applicable always; be it at home or at workplaces. According to report, the community is in dire need of ambulance services because accidents are on the rise. They range from all sorts of accidents to the present terror attack scare. This implies that we are always prone to accident. Hence, we need safety measures.

Reference

Bracey, H 2003, English rural life: village activities, organizations and institutions. London: Routledge

Carter, H & Rausch, E 2008, Management in the fire service. Sudbury, Mass, Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

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